What is Lightning component framework and Aura Framework

Lightning component framework:

• It is a UI framework which allows you to build dynamic and interactive apps.
• It is supported by both Mobiles and Desktop.
• It uses Apex on server side and Javascript on client side.
• The UI is built using Components.
• The server operations like SOQL and DML operations etc. can be done using the same Apex classes which you have built. The Apex methods should be public static with @AuraEnabled annotation.

Aura Framework:

• Aura is an open source framework which allows you to build application independent of your data in salesforce.
• It supports multilayered component development to separate the client and server.
• The Lightning Components are built on Aura framework.
• It takes care of the server, browser and devices leaving you to focus on building your logic.